Современная терапия инфантильных гемангиом

Инфантильная гемангиома (ИГ) – это самая частая доброкачественная сосудистая опухоль детей первого года жизни, в основе которой лежит аномальная пролиферация эндотелиальных клеток под действием основных проангиогенных факторов: фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF) и фактора роста фибробластов (FGF). Она развивается в первые недели после рождения, формируясь на протяжении 3–9 мес с регрессом в последующие 3–7 лет. Три четверти ИГ имеют нодулярную форму и не сопровождаются мальформациями, в то время как сегментарные ИГ чаще всего ассоциированы с синдромальными формами. Несмотря на спонтанный регресс (в 90% случаев), некоторые формы и локализации ИГ могут приводить к развитию осложнений как локальных, так и ставящих под угрозу витальные функции. В подавляющем большинстве случаев диагноз основывается на данных анамнеза, характерных признаках опухоли и клинического течения. Дополнительные исследования (ультразвуковая доплерография, магнитно-резонансная томография/компьютерная томография, биопсия) необходимы при осложненных формах и в сомнительных клинических случаях.

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