Хронический миелолейкоз у детей: редкая и уникальная болезнь

Хронический миелолейкоз (ХМЛ) является редким для детского возраста заболеванием и составляет 2–3% лейкемий у детей до 15 лет. Вследствие низкой частоты ХМЛ и недостаточного количества достоверных данных, полученных в ходе клинических исследований, практические стандарты оказания помощи детям и подросткам с данным заболеванием, в отличие от взрослых, не разработаны. В некоторых странах дети с ХМЛ лечатся взрослыми гематологами. Многие детские онкогематологи следуют руководствам по лечению ХМЛ, предназначенным для взрослых. Тем не менее существуют четкие различия между ХМЛ у взрослых и детей как в отношении клинических проявлений и динамики заболевания, так и в плане биологии этого процесса, а также факторов организма-хозяина, которые должны приниматься во внимание при пожизненном лечении детского ХМЛ. Цель настоящего обзора – представить основные сведения об эпидемиологии, патофизиологии и клинико-лабораторных характеристиках ХМЛ и изложить современные подходы к диагностике и лечению этого заболевания у детей и подростков.

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