Роль ганглиозидов в модуляции канцерогенеза

   Ганглиозиды – сложные соединения, относящиеся к классу гликосфинголипидов, несущие в своем составе церамид и различные олигосахариды, в которых обычно присутствуют сиаловые кислоты. Интересной особенностью ганглиозидов является изменение их количественного и качественного состава в процессе онкогенеза, что характеризуется определенной специфичностью в зависимости от гистологического типа опухоли и функционального статуса в пределах даже одного новообразования. С другой стороны, современные достижения в понимании структурной и функциональной организации гликосфинголипидов, в первую очередь в контексте формирования липидных рафтов, продемонстрировали возможность участия ганглиозидов в регуляции активности киназ, опосредующих модуляцию сигнальных путей, детерминирующих формирование злокачественного потенциала клеток. В статье рассмотрены фундаментальные представления о биологической роли ганглиозидов в проведении сигнальных путей, вовлеченных в регуляцию опухолевого процесса, с акцентом на экспериментальные исследования, демонстрирующие как ингибирующее, так и активирующее влияние на важные белковые рецепторы, ответственные за пролиферацию, дифференцировку и гибель клеток.

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