Основные генетические нарушения в патогенезе нейробластомы

Нейробластома (НБ) – злокачественное новообразование симпатической нервной системы эмбрионального происхождения, состоящее из недифференцированных нейроэктодермальных клеток нервного гребня. В структуре заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями пациентов в возрасте младше 1 года НБ является наиболее часто встречающейся опухолью. При этом смертность от данного заболевания занимает 3-е место, уступая лейкозам и опухолям центральной нервной системы, и составляет 13% в структуре детской смертности от злокачественных новообразований в развитых странах. Стратификация пациентов на группы риска и последующее определение тактики лечения зависят от ряда прогностических факторов, в том числе определенных генетических аберраций в клетках опухоли. Кроме того, такие процессы, как спонтанная регрессия и трансформация в доброкачественные опухоли обусловлены генетическими особенностями НБ. Таким образом, изучение генетических нарушений, лежащих в основе патогенеза НБ, необходимо для адекватного подразделения пациентов на группы риска и разработки новых методов лечения. 

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